Issue 6, 1999

Analogues de lysole′cithines: mimes azido et mimes amino de lysole′cithines de′rive′s de l'acide 2,2-bis(hydroxyme′thyl)propionique

Abstract

Les lysole′cithines pre′sentent un grand inte′rêt par diffe′rentes proprie′te′s tant physicochimiques que biologiques. Ces mole′cules peuvent être conside′re′es comme compose′es de trois parties: une queue lipophile (acide gras), un module central (glyce′rol) et une tête lipophobe (phosphatidylcholine). Nous de′crivons la synthèse par strate′gie modulaire d'analogues base′s sur un pivot central mimant le glyce′rol: l'acide 2-azidome′thyl-2-me′thyl-3hydroxypropionique. La fonction azoture est re′duite en amine donnant les de′rive′s correspondants. Ces diverses structures ont e′te′ obtenues tant avec des chaînes hydrophobes hydroge′ne′es que fluore′es avec des rendements globalement corrects. Les proprie′te′s de surface des solutions aqueuses des analogues pre′pare′s montrent un comportement globalement proche de celui des lysole′cithines naturelles mais pre′sentent des analogies pour certains aspects avec les tensioactifs ioniques. Au niveau de l'impact sur une culture de cellules, les produits inhibent la croissance cellulaire à des concentrations supe′rieures à 5×10-4 mol L-1. La mort cellulaire intervient alors essentiellement par ne′crose. Elle semble devoir être interpre′te′e comme une pe′ne′tration de la membrane cellulaire par les de′rive′s entraînant une solubilisation par "‘effet de′tergent’' avec formation de micelles mixtes "‘analogues de le′cithine–phospholipides membranaires’'. Lysolecithin analogues: azido- and aminolysolecithin mimics derived from 2,2-bis(dihydroxymethyl)propionic acid. Lysolecithins have attracted much interest due to some of their physicochemical and biological properties. These molecules are composed of three parts, a lipophilic tail (fatty acid), a central module (glycerol) and a lipophobic head (phosphatidylcholine). We describe here the synthesis, following a modular strategy, of lysolecithin analogues starting from 2-azidomethyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid as a glycerol mimic. The reduction of the azido group leads to amines with good yields for both hydrogenated and fluorinated compounds. The study of the surface properties of aqueous solutions of these analogues gives evidence for a behaviour similar to that of natural lysolecithins, but they present also some analogies with ionic surfactants. Concerning the impact on cell cultures, our products inhibit cellular growth for a concentration above 5×10-4 mol L-1. Cellular death occurs essentially by necrosis; this phenomenon can be interpreted by a penetration of the compounds into the membrane, disrupting it by forming mixed micelles (lysolecithin analogues–membrane phospholipids).

Article information

Article type
Paper

New J. Chem., 1999,23, 657-664

Analogues de lysole′cithines: mimes azido et mimes amino de lysole′cithines de′rive′s de l'acide 2,2-bis(hydroxyme′thyl)propionique

D. Papadopoulos, S. Auberger, C. Ge′rardin, J. Amos, M. Maugras, M. Jose′ Ste′be′ and E. Claude Selve, New J. Chem., 1999, 23, 657 DOI: 10.1039/A900678H

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