Development and evaluation of analytical methodology for the determination of aflatoxins in palm kernels

Abstract

A rapid, simple and reproducible method for the simultaneous estimation of aflatoxins AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂ in palm kernel samples has been developed by optimizing the sample preparation, solvent extraction, sample clean-up and quantification procedures. The aflatoxins are extracted from a slurried palm kernel sample with an acetone–water (80 + 20, v/v) mixture and the crude extract is cleaned up by solid-phase extraction using a phenyl bonded phase cartridge. The extract is passed through the cartridge with a water–methanol (93 + 7) mixture. Subsequent elution of the aflatoxins retained on the cartridge is achieved with a 3 ml aliquot of chloroform. The aflatoxin content of the eluate is quantified using a bi-directional high-performance thin-layer chromatography procedure. A critical evaluation of the proposed method was carried out by statistical comparison with the British Standard Method. The proposed procedure was shown to be more efficient and precise. Consistent recoveries of over 90% were achieved from spiked palm kernel extracts and detection limits were found to be 3.7, 2.5, 3.0 and 1.3 µg kg^–1 for AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂ aflatoxins, respectively.