In the reaction of p-nitrophenyl benzenesulphonate with ethoxide in ethanol, some alkali metals (Na+, K+, Cs+) cause a rate acceleration, while Li+ causes a rate retardation; the results are analysed in terms of interactions of metal ions with the ground state and the transition state of the reaction.
E. Buncel and M. J. Pregel, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 1566 DOI: 10.1039/C39890001566
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