An empirical relationship between ΔJgem and a relative orientation of an electronegative substituent, X, situated β to a methylene group has been experimentally determined, where X is OH, OAc, Ph, NO2, Cl, Br, NH2, [graphic omitted]H3, and NHAc. The curves are discussed in relation to a theory of geminal coupling, and agreement is found to be good.
R. Davies, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1975, 1400 DOI: 10.1039/P29750001400
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