The betaine 1-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)-3-oxidopyridinium reversibly forms a dimer which provides a convenient source of the reactive betaine monomer; olefinic dipolarophiles add readily at the 2,6-positions, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene reacts across the 2,4-positions and stereochemical integrity is preserved during the addition of maleic and fumaric esters.
N. Dennis, B. Ibrahim and A. R. Katritzky, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 500 DOI: 10.1039/C39740000500
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