The preparation is described of 4,4′-bipyridylium salts bearing aryl substituents α to one of the heterocyclic nitrogen atoms. Evidence from u.v. and n.m.r. spectra suggests that in the quaternary salts the aryl groups are prevented from assuming co-planarity with the bipyridyl nucleus by the steric effect of the N-methyl group. The compounds were inactive in herbicide tests.
J. E. Downes, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1967, 1491 DOI: 10.1039/J39670001491
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