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Retraction: Surface modification engineering of two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficient synergistic multitherapy of breast cancer
Lei Baia,
Wenhui Yi*a,
Taiyang Sunb,
Yilong Tiana,
Ping Zhangc,
Jinhai Sia,
Xun Houa and
Jin Hou*b
aKey Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi Province & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
bDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
cCollege of Science, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
First published on 11th February 2026
Abstract
Retraction of ‘Surface modification engineering of two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficient synergistic multitherapy of breast cancer’ by Lei Bai et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2020, 8, 6402–6417, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB01084G.
The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the named authors, hereby wholly retracts this Journal of Materials Chemistry B article due to concerns with the reliability of the data.
In Fig. 7a, there is a whole panel duplication for Spleen sub images Ti3C2@Met@CP and Ti3C2@Met + Laser panels, and a partial duplication of Lung sub images Ti3C2@Met and Ti3C2@Met@CP panels.
In Fig. S8 in the SI, there is evidence of image manipulation in the Day 12 image, with a partial duplication with the Day 8 image.
The authors have said the errors primarily resulted from carelessness and lack of oversight during the image selection and figure preparation process, and admitted to editing the Day 8 image to create the Day 12 image in Fig. S8.
We did ask the affiliated institution, Xi’an Jiaotong University, to investigate this matter but their response has not fully addressed our concerns.
Given the significance of these concerns, the findings presented in this paper are no longer reliable.
This retraction supersedes the information provided in the Expression of Concern related to this article.
The authors were informed about the retraction of the article. Wenhui Yi and Lei Bai have agreed with the decision, the other authors have not responded.
Signed: Wenhui Yi, Lei Bai.
Date: 29th January 2026
Retraction endorsed by Michaela Mühlberg, Executive Editor, Journal of Materials Chemistry B
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