Stimuli-responsive conjugated organic macrocycle-based smart materials

Abstract

Stimuli-responsive conjugated organic smart macrocycles (COSMs) are arousing increasing interest by virtue of their unique stimuli-responsive structures and properties. In this review, we highlight for the first time the recent developments of stimuli-responsive conjugated organic macrocycles beyond organometallic compounds, calix[n]arenes, and pillar[n]arenes, where the design strategies, exciting properties and stimuli-responsive mechanisms are discussed. Comprehensive coverage is given for the stimuli-responsive behaviors of representative COSMs, which are categorized into photo-, thermal-, solvent-, chemical-, ion-, pH-, force-, and redox-responsive COSMs. We will also discuss the current achievements, limitations, and challenges in this field, as well as future opportunities and inspiration for further research. We expect this summary to inspire more innovative research on COSMs as well as their further advanced applications in supramolecular chemistry and smart materials.