Recent advances in quadruple perovskite oxide-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions: a review

Abstract

Quadruple perovskite oxides (QPOs), AA'₃B₄O₁₂, exhibit a cationic order of 1 : 3 at the A site, with 25% of the A site occupied by conventional A-site cations with icosahedral coordination and 75% occupied by A′ ions with pseudosquare planar coordination. Traditional 3d transition metal ions occupy the B site with octahedral coordination. This complex crystal structure provides multiple metal sites (A, A′, and B), which act as active centers for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis. Therefore, the intrinsic OER activity and the stability of QPOs have been significantly improved. In recent years, extensive experimental and theoretical research has been conducted on QPOs, and many QPOs have been synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. These QPOs exhibited superior intrinsic OER activity and stability compared to advanced perovskite oxide-based catalysts. This is attributed to the complex crystal structure of the QPO and its electronic interaction between the A′- and B-sites. Nowadays, the QPO has become a promising candidate for OER electrocatalysts, which prompts us to review the latest developments in this thriving research field. However, relatively few comprehensive reviews have been published on this important topic to date. This article reviews the systematic research on the OER activity of QPOs in recent years, in which multiple transition metal ions are located at different crystal sites. It is expected that this timely review will not only deepen our understanding of the OER mechanism in QPOs but also provide guidance for designing the next generation of OER electrocatalysts in the future.