Tuning guest cations to liberate pore space for efficient C4 hydrocarbon separation

Abstract

Although C4 hydrocarbons are important raw materials for synthetic rubber and fine chemicals, their similar physicochemical properties limit the effectiveness of traditional high-energy separation processes. Herein, we report a post-synthetic modification strategy that tunes the pore space of an anionic Cu-MOF ([Me₂NH₂][Cu₃(μ₃-OH)(pyc)₃], 1) via simple cation exchange. Replacing the bulky dimethylammonium (Me₂NH₂⁺) cations with smaller potassium (K⁺) ions ([K][Cu₃(μ₃-OH)(pyc)₃], 1·K) liberates additional pore volume, which significantly enhances the adsorption capacity for C4 olefins. At 298 K and 95 kPa, 1·K showed higher iso-butene (iso-C₄H₈) (74.9 cm³ g⁻¹ vs. 42.7 cm³ g⁻¹) and 1,3-butadiene (C₄H₆) (77.9 cm³ g⁻¹ vs. 49.0 cm³ g⁻¹) adsorption capacities than 1. Liberating pore space by replacing Me₂NH₂⁺ is identified as the key factor driving the superior separation selectivity for both iso-butene/iso-butane binary and 1,3-butadiene/1-butene/iso-butene ternary mixtures, rather than establishing strong interactions with K⁺, as confirmed by adsorption and breakthrough experiments and theoretical simulations.