Self-delivering THPC-modified cytochrome c induces cancer cell apoptosis

Abstract

THPC modification converts cytochrome c into a self-delivering anticancer protein. The conjugate escapes endosomal degradation in a manner dependent on endolysosomal acidification, activates caspase-9/3, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This work offers a simple, carrier-free strategy for cytosolic protein therapeutics.