Self-powered TENG sensor based on hybrid energy: tilt angle and wind-speed research on dual parameter sensing and intelligent fault warning of transmission lines

Abstract

Due to abnormal tilt or wind-induced galloping, transmission lines may experience excessive sagging or even breakage, directly endangering the safety and stability of the power grid. However, existing monitoring technologies are limited to sensing a single physical quantity, making it difficult to achieve multi-parameter monitoring and fusion analysis of transmission line faults. In complex environments, they face the limitations of single monitoring indicators and insufficient warning capabilities. Therefore, this paper proposes a wind-gravity-driven self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (WG-TENG) tilt and wind-speed sensor method. By constructing a theoretical model of WG-TENG charge transfer and signal output, a mixed-energy capture and integrated-sensing design was developed. Based on these, WG-TENG conducted experiments on dual-parameter self-powered sensing and intelligent fault warning for transmission lines. The experimental results show that the WG-TENG measurement precision reaches ±0.5° in the tilt angle range of 0°–90°. The wind speed monitoring range is 3–15 m s⁻¹. The sensor has a sensitivity of 2 μA (m s⁻¹)⁻¹ and can successfully monitor the real-time state of the transmission line tilt angle and wind speed, as well as provide risk warning. The tilt angle identification accuracy is 97.93%. The proposed mixed-perception method in this study provides a new approach to building an efficient and durable grid disaster-intelligent warning system, which is important for improving grid safety and intelligence.