Advanced construction of interface structures for tribological applications: from interfacial synthesis and structural evolution to lubrication stability

Abstract

Nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional tribological properties. Despite extensive research on nanocomposites, systematic reviews regarding the application of multi-dimensional nanomaterials across multiple key domains remain relatively limited. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials in bulk self-lubricating composites, interfacial coatings, interfacial micro–nanostructures, and superlubricity systems. It systematically examines the underlying mechanisms through which these materials reduce friction coefficients, enhance wear resistance, and achieve super-lubricity. By summarizing the synergistic effects and structural design strategies across different dimensional nanomaterials, this work provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of high-performance tribological materials. Furthermore, it outlines future research challenges and developmental trends, aiming to promote the advanced application of nanotribology in fields such as energy, precision manufacturing, and biomedicine.