Defect engineering and self-reconstruction-directed stabilization of steady-state NiOOH on NiOx for durable oxygen evolution

Abstract

Cobalt and iron elements were incorporated into the defect-rich surface layer of NiO_x, enabling dynamic reconstruction during the oxygen evolution reaction, which achieved a low overpotential of 280 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and maintained stable operation for 900 hours—18 times longer than that of the defect-rich NiO_x.