Correction: Chromium-activated phosphors: from theory to applications

Abstract

Correction for ‘Chromium-activated phosphors: from theory to applications’ by Shengqiang Liu et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2026, 55, 1954–1998, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CS00957J.

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The authors regret that there were several errors in the original article.

Page 1955:

• the biography of Quanlin Liu should say “Since 2005, he has been a full professor in Materials Science at the University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB).

Page 1957:

• section 2.1 should start “The 3d orbital with an angular quantum number of 2 comprises…”

• the sentence beginning “Besides the octahedron” should read “Besides the octahedron, there are some other regular polyhedra, such as 4-coordinated tetrahedron (T_d symmetry), 8-coordinated cube (O_h symmetry), and 12-coordinated cuboctahedron (O_h symmetry).”

• eqn (1) should read

• eqn (2) should read

ψ_nlm = R_nl(r)Y^l_m(θ, ϕ) (2)

“where R_nl and Y^l_m represent the radial and angular parts of the wavefunction, respectively.”

Page 1958:

• the sentences near the end of section 2.1 beginning “In a tetrahedral coordination”, should read “In a tetrahedral coordination, the t₂ orbitals point more directly toward the ligands, resulting in significant electrostatic interaction with higher splitting energy, while the e orbitals are directed toward the inter-ligand gaps (Fig. 2a). Therefore, the t₂ orbitals of the tetrahedron lie above the e orbitals in energy.”

• the second sentence of section 2.2 should end “and L is the total orbital angular momentum quantum number.”

• “Hundt’s rule” should read “Hund’s rule”.

Page 1961:

• the sentences beginning “The anomalous luminescence” should read “The anomalous luminescence due to AFMC has been documented in inorganic matrices heavily doped with Mn²⁺ or Cr³⁺, whereas the FMC has only been experimentally observed in limited cases involving Mn²⁺ activated sulfide.^8,57-59

Fig. 6b and c display the schematic presentations of the energy level splitting of the Cr³⁺–Cr³⁺ pair due to AFMC.”

• eqn (4) should read

E(S) = −J[S(S + 1) − S_A(S_A + 1) − S_B(S_B + 1)] (4)

Page 1963:

• in the sentence beginning “Due to high coordination energy and charge balance”, the radius of Ge⁴⁺ in six-coordinated surroundings should read 0.53 Å.

Page 1965:

• eqn (7) should read

Fig. 2, 3 and 8 were incorrect in the original article. The correct figures are shown here.

Fig. 1 Splitting of 3d orbital in polyhedral coordination. (a) Visualization of d orbitals in octahedral and tetrahedral sites. (b) Free 3d orbital with 5-degenerate state and associated crystal field splitting in a regular polyhedral potential.

Fig. 2 Energy level of Cr³⁺ ions in octahedral sites. (a) Tanabe–Sugano diagram of Cr³⁺ ions in octahedral O_h symmetry. (b) Linear dependence of boundary Dq/B value on C/B value. Reproduced with permission.³² Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society. (c) Branching rules of the 32-point symmetries. Reproduced with permission.⁴⁷ Copyright 2013, Royal Society of Chemistry. (d) Crystal field splitting and spin–orbital coupling of Cr³⁺ ions in D_3d symmetry.

Fig. 3 Occupation and configuration coordinate diagram of chromium ions. (a) Selective cationic sites for the incorporation of Cr³⁺ ions. (b) Schematic luminescence spectrum of Cr³⁺ in octahedral sites. Configuration coordination diagram of Cr³⁺ ions in (c) strong and (d) weak crystal field surroundings. (e) Selective cationic sites for the incorporation of Cr⁴⁺ ions. (f) Schematic luminescence spectra of Cr⁴⁺ in tetrahedral sites. Configuration coordination diagram of Cr⁴⁺ ions in (g) strong and (h) weak crystal field surroundings. ΔE₁ denotes the energy gap between the ²E and ⁴T₂ states for Cr³⁺ (¹E and ³T₂ states for Cr⁴⁺), and ΔE₂ represents the ionization energy from the ⁴T₂ or ³T₂ state to the intersection position. The red arrows denote the radiative process and the purple arrows indicate the quenching pathway.

References 1 and 342 were incorrect in the original article. The correct references are shown below as ref. 1 and 2, respectively.

The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.

References

1. G. Liu, W. Chen, Z. Xiong, Y. Wang, S. Zhang and Z. Xia, Nat. Photonics, 2024, 18, 562–568.
2. R. A. Sharrock, Genome Biol., 2008, 9, 230.

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