Lewis acid–base interaction-driven phosphodiester hydrolysis in single-atom nanozymes

Abstract

A single-atom nanozyme with a Lewis acid–base microenvironment was designed via boron-modulated electronic polarization of g-C₆N₆. In this system, isolated Ce sites act as Lewis acid centers, while adjacent Lewis base domains activate phosphodiester bonds. This interaction lowers the hydrolysis energy barrier, facilitating bond cleavage and inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation.