A minimal hybrid-chain ether electrolyte enables wide-temperature sodium-ion storage
Abstract
A minimal hybrid-chain ether electrolyte enables wide-temperature sodium-ion storage by balancing Na+ solvation and interfacial chemistry. It lowers the freezing point to −60.6 °C, maintains a conductivity of 1.23 mS cm−1 at −40 °C, induces the formation of a temperature-adaptive SEI, and delivers stable pouch-cell operation from −40 to 50 °C.

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