Heteroatom-doped helical carbonaceous nanotubes with ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles as an active anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

An ultrafine SnO₂ confined N,P,S-doped helical carbon nanotube (SnO₂@NPSC) is developed as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The unique skeleton, featuring physical confinement and chemical bonding, effectively suppresses the volume expansion and migration of the active metal, achieving excellent electrochemical performance. It provides a valuable reference for developing conversion-alloying anode materials.