Why Ox appears and disappears in the S3 state of photosystem II: insights from the low oxidation state model
Abstract
DFT calculations within the low oxidation state (LOS) framework reveal that the Ox ligand in the S3 state of photosystem II is conditionally stabilised, only appearing under Mn1–ligand restraints and vanishing when they are relaxed. This finding provides a consistent explanation for the differing crystallographic and cryo-EM observations.

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