Biodegradable and Flexible Solid-state Supercapacitor Based on Natural Polymer Dual Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Abstract

Achieving both biocompatibility and biodegradability remains a significant challenge for supercapacitors in implantable medical devices application. Herein, we report a biodegradable flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor employing MoS2@rGO/Mo composite as electrode material and dual-network GelMA@CMC hydrogel as the electrolyte. The resulting device exhibits a high areal capacitance of 69.33 mF cm -2 at a current density of 0.2 mA cm -2 , and retains over 90% of its capacitance after 100 cycles bending at 180°, indicating good mechanical stability. Furthermore, the supercapacitor achieves a high energy density of 9.63 μWh cm -2 at a power density of 72.98 μW cm -2 . Two identical devices in series and parallel configurations could modulate the voltage and current output, demonstrating the good expansibility of the system. The MoS2@rGO/Mo electrodes and GelMA@CMC electrolyte achieve near-complete degradation in simulated body fluid within approximately 4.5 months and 21 days, offering a viable strategy for next-generation biodegradable and implantable energy storage systems.