Layer-by-layer techniques incorporating upcycled TPEE: from waste to conductive, multi-responsive, self-healable, and highly-stretchable electronics

Abstract

Upcycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste into multifunctional materials offers a sustainable solution to plastic pollution. In this work, upcycled thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) films are utilized as substrates to fabricate conductive, stretchable, self-healable, and alkaline-responsive multilayered films. A layer-by-layer assembly of poly(ionic liquid-co-acrylic acid) (PIL-co-PAA) and MXene nanosheets imparts elasticity, conductivity, and environmental responsiveness. Extending this method to commercial fabrics demonstrates self-healing mechanical and electrical properties, broadening application prospects. These findings highlight the potential of TPEE-based multilayer films as advanced materials for wearable and flexible electronics, emphasizing the role of upcycling in creating high-value, sustainable technologies.