Issue 28, 2025

Cation-driven hydrogen bond dynamics in energy storage hydrogel electrolytes: unraveling ion-water-carbon interactions

Abstract

Hydrogel electrolytes, recognized for their flexibility and superior ionic conductivity, present a viable substitute for liquid electrolytes in energy storage systems. Although Li+ and Na+ ions have been thoroughly investigated, the intercalation of Cs+ ions remains unexamined, despite the significant water solubility of cesium salts. This study designates CsBr as the most effective electrolyte additive owing to its exceptional ionic conductivity (Cs+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+ and Br > Cl > CH3COO). A novel hydrogel electrolyte, comprising CsBr, polyacrylamide (PAM), and hyaluronic acid (HA), is developed to tackle the issues of water dehydration. This electrolyte demonstrates high ionic conductivity (104 mS cm−1) and outstanding electrochemical performance in supercapacitors, featuring a specific capacitance of 100 F g−1, approximately 100% coulombic efficiency, and stability over 10 000 cycles. DFT calculations indicate that Cs+ generates significant electrostatic interactions, improving charge retention and device efficacy. The results underscore the CsBr@PAM/HA hydrogel as a revolutionary electrolyte for enhanced energy storage, integrating elevated energy and power densities with superior cycling stability.

Graphical abstract: Cation-driven hydrogen bond dynamics in energy storage hydrogel electrolytes: unraveling ion-water-carbon interactions

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
30 Jan 2025
Accepted
12 Jun 2025
First published
13 Jun 2025

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025,13, 22822-22835

Cation-driven hydrogen bond dynamics in energy storage hydrogel electrolytes: unraveling ion-water-carbon interactions

E. Yousef, A. A. Akar, A. A. M. Ismail, G. E. Khedr and N. K. Allam, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 22822 DOI: 10.1039/D5TA00825E

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