MXene derived-TiO2/β-Ag2MoO4 nanocomposite: a multifunctional electrode for enhanced energy storage in supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

We employed a simple and cost effective reflux process to construct an advanced hybrid M-TiO₂/β-Ag₂MoO₄ nanocomposite, evaluating its potential as a versatile electrode material for both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs). The combination of layered MXene with the cubic-like morphology of β-Ag₂MoO₄ yielded the M-TiO₂/β-Ag₂MoO₄ nanocomposite, which exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance in three-electrode systems, coin-cell symmetric supercapacitors (SCs), and lithium-ion batteries. The M-TiO₂/β-Ag₂MoO₄-2 nanocomposite achieved an outstanding specific capacitance (C_sp) of 2599 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ with 98.6% retention over 25 000 cycles in the three-electrode setup. In a symmetric device, it demonstrated a C_sp of 309 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, with 95% retention and 95% coulombic efficiency after 10 000 cycles. The fabricated device offered a maximum energy density (ED) of 27.4 W h kg⁻¹ and a power density (PD) of 2500 W kg⁻¹. Detailed analysis of the charge storage mechanism further elucidated the high performance of the device. In addition, the synthesized M-TiO₂/β-Ag₂MoO₄-2 nanocomposite was used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. As an anode material for LIBs, the nanocomposite exhibited an impressive lithium storage capacity of 1013 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, with remarkable rate capability and stability, underscoring its multifunctional nature. Consequently, CR2032-type full cell exhibited a discharge capacity of 110 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1C-rate with excellent rate capability and cycling stability. Even at 135^th cycle, the full-cell delivered 94.8% coulombic efficiency. This study highlights the potential of M-TiO₂/β-Ag₂MoO₄-2 as a high-performance material for next-generation energy storage technologies.