Open Access Article
This Open Access Article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 3.0 Unported LicenceWaste-Derived Green N-Doped Materials: Mechanistic Insights, Synthesis, and Comprehensive Evaluation
(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )
Xiang-Mao Huang , Mengyao Gao , Shao-Yu Wang , Luthfiyyah Annisa Nur Azizah , Yan-Ling Yang and Dessie Ashagrie Tafere
First published on 26th August 2025
Abstract
Nitrogen (N)-doped materials derived from biomass hold great promise for energy storage, gas adsorption, catalysis, and water treatment, offering an effective strategy for waste valorization. Precise control over temperature and nitrogen doping levels has been shown to enhance surface area and multifunctional properties. This review begins by covering fundamental principles such as band gap and electronegativity, followed by an analysis of N-doping preparation methods, focusing on pyridinic N, graphitic N, and oxidized N and the applications especially in in energy storage, carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, and catalyst for hydrogen generation. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are explored to elucidate the structural and electrochemical properties of N-doped materials. This review seeks to advance the sustainable development of waste-derived green materials by conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis of material activation and carbonization mechanisms. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges, perspectives, and future prospects of waste valorization for green N-doped materials, exploring their potential across diverse applications.