Leveraging metal oxide-fenugreek hydrogel nanocomposites for enhanced structural and biological properties

Abstract

This study focuses on the green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (MnO₂, Fe₂O₃, and CuO). Fenugreek extract was used as a natural reducing and capping agent for this nanoparticle synthesis. Fenugreek hydrogel was also explored as a convenient, ready-made reaction template for the in situ reduction and formation of these nanoparticles. Standard characterization techniques revealed that the resulting nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. These hydrogels also demonstrated superior antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (B. subtilis) bacteria. Remarkably, the nanocomposite hydrogels resisted microbial infestation even after 21 days. This work highlights the potential for tailoring such ready-made nanocomposite hydrogel systems for advanced applications, including wound healing, drug delivery systems, and antimicrobial coatings.