Commercialization of perovskite solar cells: opportunities and challenges

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies that is undergoing rapid development at the lab scale with a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.7%. The solution processability of such PV devices makes this technology suitable for large-scale manufacturing techniques. Despite the tremendous progress in PCE, poor device stability is still a drawback towards its commercialization. Because of their material properties, PSCs have a wide range of applications beyond traditional photovoltaics such as silicon, including BIPVs, VIPVs, indoor applications, tandem solar cells, and flexible electronics. However, commercialization challenges still remain, particularly in terms of improving operational longevity, lowering lead toxicity, and developing scalable, stable large-area modules. This perspective initially gives an overview of the current state of PSCs followed by their wide range applications. It also gives an overview about the need for lower LCOE and improved stability, PCE, and lifetime to compete at the utility scale. We also discuss about the major challenges that are to be addressed to get into the commercialization of PSCs. Finally, we conclude by giving insights from both academic research and industry experience.