Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis of dihydropyrimidine-thiones using β-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular catalyst

Abstract

The current study presents an efficient approach for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidine-thione derivatives through a one-pot multicomponent reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, acetophenone, and thiourea, utilizing the supramolecular catalyst β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous conditions. The proposed protocol offers notable advantages, such as operational simplicity, avoidance of hazardous reagents, reduced reaction times, easy work-up procedures, high yields, catalyst recyclability, and streamlined experimental procedures, thereby aligning well with sustainable practices and green chemistry principles. Notably, this approach prioritizes environmental sustainability, achieving an impressive atom economy of 88.01%, generating minimal waste with an E-factor of 0.063, and scoring 95 on the Eco-scale, which underscores its eco-friendly attributes.