Electrochemical iron-catalyzed difunctionalization of olefins: efficient and sustainable access to β-heteroarylated esters

Abstract

Aliphatic esters are fundamental components of biologically active compounds and serve as flexible chemical intermediates in pharmaceutical synthesis. Yet, their preparation from readily accessible olefins has been fraught with challenges. In this work, we introduce an electrochemical iron-catalysis strategy for difunctionalization of olefins to produce β-heteroarylated esters. This method aligns with green chemistry principles by eliminating the need for numerous sacrificial and hazardous reagents. Additionally, it demonstrates broad compatibility with diverse olefins and heteroarenes. Its practicality is further highlighted by product derivatizations and late-stage functionalizations of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Mechanistic insights reveal a radical-based pathway is involved. We hope this approach can become an invaluable tool for aliphatic ester synthesis, offering substantial potential for drug discovery initiatives.