Issue 21, 2025

One-pot lignocellulose fractionation towards efficient whole sugar conversion and aromatic monomer production using a mild alkaline oxidation system

Abstract

The targeted extraction of native-like lignin while retaining highly accessible carbohydrate substrates in a one-pot biorefinery is a promising strategy but suffers from technical challenges. In this study, a mild alkaline-oxidation system (tetramethylammonium hydroxide/urea hydrogen peroxide, TMAH/UHP) was tailored to fractionate lignocellulose into protolignin and a carbohydrate-rich substrate for further renewable energy upgrading. During the TMAH/UHP biorefinery, the diverse reaction intensities and solvent concentrations were investigated to achieve a balance between lignin structure integrity and valuable carbohydrate recovery. A detailed study into lignin structure evolution was conducted to understand how the TMAH/UHP system extracted protolignin efficiently and maintained the high-accessibility of carbohydrate solids. The protolignin with a high content of β-O-4 linkages (45.1%–62.8%) was extracted via the dominant cleavage of lignin-carbohydrate ester bonds. Additionally, the high recovery of carbohydrates achieved an excellent whole-sugar conversion capacity (100.0% glucose yield and >50.0% xylose yield), and the protolignin exhibited feasible downstream valorization for the production of aromatic monomers via a catalytic oxidation process. Meanwhile, the spent solvent was enriched with abundant urea components, which could be used as water-soluble fertilizer for crop growth. This one-pot biorefinery method mitigates the challenge in extracting protolignin without compromising carbohydrate value under mild conditions, which is essential for a sustainable and scale-up future of biorefinery.

Graphical abstract: One-pot lignocellulose fractionation towards efficient whole sugar conversion and aromatic monomer production using a mild alkaline oxidation system

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Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
25 Feb 2025
Accepted
29 Apr 2025
First published
29 Apr 2025

Green Chem., 2025,27, 6244-6259

One-pot lignocellulose fractionation towards efficient whole sugar conversion and aromatic monomer production using a mild alkaline oxidation system

Z. Yang, F. Shen, W. Dai, Z. Zeng, J. Xu, L. Zhao, W. Qi, J. Hu, D. Tian and F. Shen, Green Chem., 2025, 27, 6244 DOI: 10.1039/D5GC00999E

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