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DOI: 10.1039/D5EE90091C (Correction) Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 9287-9290

Correction: Covalent organic and metal organic frameworks based single atom catalysts for valorisation of CO2 to value added chemicals

Sowjanya Vallem a, Malayil Gopalan Sibi b, Rahul Patil b, Vishakha Goyal bi, A. Giridhar Babu c, EA. Lohith d, K. Keerthi d, Muhammad Umer e, N. V. V. Jyothi d, Matthias Vandichel e, Daniel Ioan Stroe a, Subhasmita Ray f, Mani Balamurugan *gb, Aristides Bakandritsos *bh, Sada Venkateswarlu b, Rajenahally V. Jagadeesh *bi and Radek Zboril bh
aDepartment of Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
bNanotechnology Centre, Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic. E-mail: balubdu@gmail.com; a.bakandritsos@upol.cz; venkisada67@gmail.com; jagadeesh.rajenahally@catalysis.de; radek.zboril@upol.cz
cDepartment of Basic Sciences, SR University, Warangal 506371, Telangana, India
dDepartment of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
eSchool of Chemical Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
fDepartment of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 12116, Czech Republic
gSOFT Foundry Institute, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
hRegional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
iLeibniz-Institut fur Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock, D-18059, Germany

Received 4th September 2025 , Accepted 4th September 2025

First published on 18th September 2025

Abstract

Correction for ‘Covalent organic and metal organic frameworks based single atom catalysts for valorisation of CO2 to value added chemicals’ by Sowjanya Vallem et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee02702k.

The references cited in Tables 2 and 3 were incorrect. These tables should appear as here.
Table 2 The key factors influencing CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) performance to achieve high selectivity and efficiency
Electrocatalyst Electrolyte Potential (V) Product FE (%) Ref.
M–N4 SAC
Ni SAs/N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.89 CO 71.9 154
C-AFC©ZIF-8 (Fe–N) 1.0 M KHCO3 −0.43 CO 93% 155
Fe–N–C 0.5 M NaHCO3 −0.6 CO 90 156
SE-Ni SAs@PNC 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 to 1.2 CO 90 157
Fe–N2+2–C8 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.58 CO 93 158
Cu–N4C8 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 96 159
Co–N4 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 82 160
Ni SAs/NCNTs 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.9 CO 97 161
Ni–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 96.8 162
Ni–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.66 to −0.96 CO 100 163
Fe–N4 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 90 164
Cu–N4–C/1100 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.9 CO 98 165
Fe–N–C900 0.1 M KHCO3 −1.2V (V Ag/AgCl) CO 86.8 166
Fe–N–C-1000 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.9 CO 100 167
Ni–N/C@900 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.76 CO 90 168
M–Ni–N–C-2/CNTs 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 98 169
Pyrrolic vs. pyridinic
Ni SAC-1000 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 98.2 170
Cu-SA/NPC 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.36 CH3COCH3 36.7 171
Fe3+–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.2 CO >80 172
Ni–N3–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.75 CO 99.37 173
Ni–NPyrrolic–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.85 V CO 92 174
Low-coordinate SACs
C-Zn1Ni4 ZIF-8 1 M KHCO3 −0.83 CO 98 175
Co–N2 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.68 CO 94 176
Cu–N–C-900 0.1 M KHCO3 −1.6 CH4 38.6 177
NiSA-N2–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 98 89
Ni–N3–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.65 CO 95.6 178
MS-L-Ni–NC (Ni–N3–C) 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 98.7 179
Fe/Ni–N–C 0.5[thin space (1/6-em)]M KHCO3 −0.677 CO 92.9 180
Ni–NC–NS (Ni–N2–C) 0.5[thin space (1/6-em)]M KHCO3 −1.0 CO 86 181
Ni–N3/NC 0.1[thin space (1/6-em)]M KHCO3 −1.3 CO 94.6 182
Axially coordinated SACs
Fe-SA/ZIF (Fe–N5) 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 98 183
Ni–N4–O/C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.9 CO 100 184
Carbon coordinated SACs
Co–N2–C3 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 92 185
Co–C2N2 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 186
Ni-N1-C3 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.9 CO 97 187
Oxygen coordinated SACs
Fe1N2O2/NC 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.5 CO 99.7 188
FeN2O2/NC 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 95.5 189
Sulphur coordinated SACs
Co–S1N3 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.5 CO 98 190
MnN3S1 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.45 CO 70 191
Ni-NSC 0.5 M KHCO3 −1.035 CO 98 192
Phosphorous coordinated SACs
Ni-SA/CN-P 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 96.9 193
Ni–P1N3 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.75 CO 98 194
Halogen coordinated SACs
Ni1–N–C (Cl) 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 94.7 196
NiN4Cl–ClNC 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 98.7 197
Ni-NBr-C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 97 198
FeN4Cl/NC 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.6 CO 90.5 199
P-block metal SACs
Inδ+–N4 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.95 HCOOH 96 200
In–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.99 HCOOH 80 201
InA/NC 0.5 M KHCO3 −2.1 vs Ag/Ag+ CO 97.2 202
In-SAC-1000 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.6 CO 97 203
Bi SAs/NC 0.1 M NaHCO3 −0.5 CO 97 204
Al–NC 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.65 CO 98.76 205
SnN3O1 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 94 206
Hetero-metal SACs
NiCu-SACs/N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.6 CO 92.2 207
Co0.5Ni0.5–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.5 to −1.1 CO 50 ± 5 208
Ni–Al NC 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 98 209
Cu–In–NC 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 96 210
Ni/Fe–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 98 211
NiN3©CoN3–NC 0.1 M KHCO3 −1.1 CO 97.7 212
Ni/Cu–N6–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.6 CO 97.7 213
Ni–N3/Cu–N3 0.5 M KHCO3 −1.1 CO 99.1 214
Cu–Fe–N6–C 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 98 215
Fe/Cu–N–C 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 99.2 216
O–Ni2–N6 1.0 M KHCO3 −1.25 CO 94.3 217
Fe2–N6–C–o 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 95.85 218
Fe2N6 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.6 CO 96 219
CuNi-DSA/CNFs 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.98 CO 99.6 220
InNi DS/NC (O–In–N6–Ni) 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 96.7 124
Fe1–Ni1–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.5 CO 96.2 221
Others
Ni-NPIC4 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.65 CO 95.1 222
Ni1–N–C-50 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 96 223
Nix–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 80 224
NiMn–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.72 CO 98.5 225
FeSAs/CNF-900 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.47 CO 86.9 226
CHK-cOCTA 0.1 M KHCO3 −1.5 CH4 54.8 227
Ni/HH 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.77 CO 97.9 228
Ni-NG-acid 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.9 CO 97 229
mesoNC-Fe 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.73 CO 85 230
Ni/NCTs 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.8 CO 100 232
Ni-NC3@Cu2O 1.0 M KOH −1.2 C2H4 60 233
C2H5OH
CH3COOH
Ni SACs-Cu NPs 1.0 M KOH −0.7 C2H4 80 234
C2H5OH
CH3COOH
P-NiSA/PCFM 0.5 M KHCO3 −0.7 CO 96 235
CuSAs/TCNFs 0.1 M KHCO3 −0.9 CH3OH 44 236
Ni-PCNFs 0.1 M KHCO3 −1.5 CO 98.6 237
Zn-SA/CNCl-1000 1.0 M KOH −0.93 CO 97 238
Ni/Zn-6 0.1 M KHCO3 −1.0 CO 94 239

Table 3 Top publications of CO2 valorisation used in electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and thermal processes
Electrocatalyst Electrolyte Product FE (%) Potential (V) Turn over frequencies (TOF-h−1) Current density (mA cm−2) Ref.
A-Ni-NSG 0.5 M KHCO3 CO 97% 0.61 14[thin space (1/6-em)]800 22.0 137
Ni–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 CO 96.8 −0.80 11[thin space (1/6-em)]315 27.0 162
Fe3+–N–C 0.5 M KHCO3 CO >80 −0.20 ∼1100 94.0 172
C-Zn1Ni4 ZIF-8 1 M KHCO3 CO 98 −0.83 10[thin space (1/6-em)]087 44.1 175
Ni–NBr–C 0.5 M KHCO3 CO 97 −0.70 35[thin space (1/6-em)]289.7 350 198
InA/NC 0.5 M KHCO3 CO 97.2 −2.10 ∼40[thin space (1/6-em)]000 39.4 202
Al–NC 0.1 M KHCO3 CO 98.76 −0.65 12[thin space (1/6-em)]960 330 205
Ni/Cu–N6–C 0.5 M KHCO3 CO 97.7 −0.60 20[thin space (1/6-em)]695 >100 213
Ni–N3/Cu–N3 0.5 M KHCO3 CO 99.1 −1.10 22[thin space (1/6-em)]304 88.0 214
Zn-SA/CNCl-1000 1.0 M KOH CO 97 −0.93 29[thin space (1/6-em)]325 271.7 238
Photocatalytic Condition Light Product Selectivity (%) TOF or TON Yield Ref.
Ni-TpBpy (Acetonitrile, pure water, triethanolamine) 300 W Xe lamp CO 96 (5 h) 13.62 (5 h) 4057 μmol g−1 246
Tpy-COF-Co (Acetonitrile, deionized water, triethanolamine) 300 W Xe lamp CO — (TOF) 1607 h−1 and TON 2095 426 mmol g−1 h−1 247
Co1Cu1/NC (Acetonitrile, pure water, triisopropanolamine) 300 W Xe lamp CO 83.40 (2 h) 59 22.46 mmol g−1 250
CoSA–Nx/C (Acetonitrile, pure water, triisopropanolamine) 300 W Xe lamp CO 82.60 98 (2 h) 10[thin space (1/6-em)]110 μmol g−1 h−1 251
Fe–NO/NC (Acetonitrile, deionized water, triethanolamine) 300 W Xe lamp CO 86.70 1494 (1 h) 81.8 μmol 252
Co–COF (Acetonitrile, [Ru(bpy)3Cl2]·6H2O, TEOA) 300W Xe lamp CO 95.70 (TOF) 111.8 h−1 18[thin space (1/6-em)]000 μmol g−1 h−1 255
Fe SAS@Tr-COF (Acetonitrile, water, [Ru(bpy)3Cl2]·6H2O, TEOA) 300 W Xe lamp CO 96.40 2.89 980.3 μmol g−1 h−1 51
Cu-SA/CTF (Triethanolamine, water) 300 W Xe lamp CH4 98.31 24.05 (4 h) 32.56 μmol g−1 h−1 256
TCM-Bpy-COF-CoAC (Acetonitrile, water, [Ru(bpy)3Cl2]·6H2O, TEOA) 5 W LED (λ = 400–800 nm) CO 81.80 — 26[thin space (1/6-em)]650 μmol g−1 h−1 257
Pt-SA/CTF-1 (triethanolamine, water) 300W Xe lamp CH4 76.60 — — 258
Fe@MIL-OV-300 (Triethylamine, acetonitrile, water) 300 W Xe lamp CH3OH — (TOF) 16.03 h−1 15.85 mmol g−1 at 4 h 259
NiSAs@NPs/TC (Deionized water, CO2 gas) 300 W Xe lamp CO, CH4 — — 35.60 and 3.41 μmol g−1 h−1 260
Thermocatalytic Condition Temperature Product Selectivity (%) TOF or TON Yield Ref.
Co–N–C
20% Co–N–C Mixed gas (H2/CO2/N2) 500 °C CO ∼100 73 h−1 37.5 mol kg−1 h−1 261
CH4 99.3 33.6 mol kg−1 h−1
NU-1000-NH2/PrS-Cu CO2 and 3.H2 280 °C CH3OH 100 — 100 mg MeOH gcat−1 h−1 272

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