Advancing catalytic performance via a mechanocatalysis approach for gas-phase reactions: a perspective on catalytic technology innovation

Abstract

Mechanocatalysis, as a branch of mechanochemistry, utilizes mechanical forces to drive chemical reactions under mild conditions without solvents. This approach has emerged as a promising technology for gas-phase reactions, offering advantages such as low energy consumption, excellent catalyst stability, and efficient activation of inert molecules like N₂ and CO₂. In this perspective, we summarize the recent advancements in mechanocatalytic gas-phase reactions including ammonia synthesis, CO₂ methanation, and carbon hydrogenation. The key role of mechanical forces in activating the reactants, removing the carbon deposits, and enhancing the catalyst performance is discussed. Challenges such as in situ mechanism characterization, reactor design for continuous reactions, and mechanocatalyst development are highlighted. Finally, future research directions are proposed to broaden the applications of mechanocatalysis, particularly in energy conversion, environmental remediation and biomass conversion, positioning this approach as a sustainable and innovative solution to address pressing global challenges.