Recent progress and perspective of electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Abstract

Electrocatalytic water splitting represents a highly promising technology for the sustainable production of clean hydrogen fuel. The primary focus of research in this domain revolves around the development of efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with the objective of minimizing the energy barrier and overall energy consumption associated with the HER process, thereby significantly reducing the overall electrical energy usage. This article initially presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles underlying electrocatalytic HER, encompassing its reaction mechanism and the pertinent parameters employed for evaluating the performance of HER electrocatalysts. Following this, the article explores an in-depth exploration of the diverse range of catalysts that are commonly employed in the field of electrocatalytic HER, such as metals, oxides, sulfides, selenides, carbides, phosphides, nitrides, borides, single-atom catalysts, and carbon-supported catalysts. Particular attention is devoted to discussing the unique preparation techniques, structural characteristics, performance attributes, and the corresponding mechanistic insights pertaining to these catalysts. Lastly, this article delineates the future trajectories for the advancement of HER electrocatalysts and undertakes an analysis of the challenges that lie ahead. The primary aim of this review is to serve as a valuable reference for future research and development endeavors in the realm of HER electrocatalysts, thereby fostering the widespread adoption of water electrolysis technology.