Issue 16, 2025

Additive-assisted oriented growth of cobalt oxide: controlled morphology and enhanced supercapacitor performance

Abstract

This research investigates the supercapacitor properties of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) thin films enhanced by five different additives: urea, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). The thin films are synthesized using a double hydrothermal approach on stainless steel substrates. Morphological and XRD analyses reveal well-separated Co3O4 nanowires stacked together, with diameters ranging from 10 to 34 nm and an average crystallite size between 19 and 23 nm. The additives serve as complexing agents, influencing the pH of the solution and facilitating the formation of cobalt-containing complexes, thereby promoting the uniform growth of Co3O4. Notably, the C-HMT nanowires exhibit superior supercapacitive performance, achieving a specific capacitance of 468.68 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and an impressive retention rate of 98.31% after 10 000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. Additionally, a symmetric device composed of two C-HMT electrodes is developed, demonstrating practical application by effectively illuminating five parallel-connected LEDs for approximately 20 seconds. In conclusion, this study presents a pioneering application of C-HMT as a symmetric supercapacitor, showcasing significant advancements in performance for future flexible energy storage devices.

Graphical abstract: Additive-assisted oriented growth of cobalt oxide: controlled morphology and enhanced supercapacitor performance

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
09 Oct 2024
Accepted
13 Mar 2025
First published
20 Mar 2025

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2025,27, 8098-8109

Additive-assisted oriented growth of cobalt oxide: controlled morphology and enhanced supercapacitor performance

R. S. Desai, V. S. Jadhav, S. R. Pardeshi, P. S. Patil, M. R. Hatshan, Y. A. Kumar and D. S. Dalavi, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2025, 27, 8098 DOI: 10.1039/D4CP03874F

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements