Total synthesis and algaecidal activity of questiomycins against harmful bloom forming dinoflagellates

Abstract

We report the total synthesis of questiomycins A, C–E and analogues, and their algaecidal activity against three harmful bloom- and toxin-forming algae: Karenia brevis, Prorocentrum cordatum, and Amphidinium carterae. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed potent derivatives with distinct modes of action, signalling their potential as targeted agents for harmful algal bloom control.