Issue 60, 2025

Electrolyte engineering enables high-energy Li‖CFx battery operation at ultralow temperatures

Abstract

A lithium metal‖carbon fluoride (Li‖CFx) primary battery offers high energy density and long shelf-life but suffers from poor performance at low temperatures. We report a linear ester-based electrolyte comprising ethyl acetate (EA) and ethyl trifluoroacetate (ET) with LiBF4 salt to address this challenge. EA served as the primary solvent, while ET acted as an anti-solvent, weakening Li+ coordination due to its strong electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms. This unique solvation structure enhanced Li+ transport for an Li‖CFx battery, delivering a high discharge capacity of 706 mA h g−1 at −40 °C and 395 mA h g−1 at −60 °C.

Graphical abstract: Electrolyte engineering enables high-energy Li‖CFx battery operation at ultralow temperatures

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Communication
Submitted
28 Apr 2025
Accepted
10 Jun 2025
First published
10 Jun 2025

Chem. Commun., 2025,61, 11251-11254

Electrolyte engineering enables high-energy Li‖CFx battery operation at ultralow temperatures

W. Yang, X. Chen, B. Sun, B. Zhang, S. Ma, Y. Dai, Q. Zhang, J. Zhang and J. Xie, Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 11251 DOI: 10.1039/D5CC02390D

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