Micellar media effect on the ultrasensitive quantitation of a diuretic medication at nano-scale levels with environmentally benign impact

Abstract

A novel micelle-augmented spectrofluorimetric method is proposed for the ultrasensitive estimation of bumetanide (BUM) at nanoscale concentrations. The method utilizes the unique properties of micelles to enhance the fluorescence intensity of BUM and measures its native fluorescence at 415 nm after excitation at 267 nm. The proposed method was optimized by evaluating the effect of organized media, buffer pH, and diluting solvent. The method validity was further assessed following the ICH guidelines, where excellent linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 40.0–400.0 ng mL⁻¹, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 5.31 ng mL⁻¹. The method was further applied for the determination of BUM in different dosage forms with % recoveries greater than 98%, as well as for content uniformity testing. Ultimately, a comprehensive assessment of the method's environmental impact was performed using different metrics, highlighting the eco-friendly nature of the method and underlining its potential for sustainable analytical practices in pharmaceutical research and beyond.