Issue 27, 2024

Development of novel iron(iii) crosslinked bioinks comprising carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and hyaluronic acid for soft tissue engineering applications

Abstract

The advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers a feasible approach to construct complex structures for soft tissue regeneration. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been emerging as a very promising biomaterial for 3D bioprinting. However, due to the inability to maintain the post-printed stability, CMC needs to be physically blended and/or chemically crosslinked with other polymers. In this context, this study presents the combination of CMC with xanthan gum (XG) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to formulate a multicomponent bioink, leveraging the printability of CMC and XG, as well as the cellular support properties of HA. The ionic crosslinking of printed constructs with iron(III) via the metal-ion coordination between ferric cations and carboxylate groups of the three polymers was introduced to induce improved mechanical strength and long-term stability. Moreover, immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) encapsulated within iron-crosslinked printed hydrogels exhibited excellent cell viability (more than 95%) and preserved morphology. Overall, the presented study highlights that the combination of these three biopolymers and the ionic crosslinking with ferric ions is a valuable strategy to be considered for the development of new and advanced hydrogel-based bioinks for soft tissue engineering applications.

Graphical abstract: Development of novel iron(iii) crosslinked bioinks comprising carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and hyaluronic acid for soft tissue engineering applications

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 Jan 2024
Accepted
04 May 2024
First published
07 May 2024

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024,12, 6627-6642

Development of novel iron(III) crosslinked bioinks comprising carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and hyaluronic acid for soft tissue engineering applications

H. Le, K. Hassan, M. Ramezanpour, J. A. Campbell, T. T. Tung, S. Vreugde and D. Losic, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 6627 DOI: 10.1039/D4TB00142G

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