Issue 11, 2024

Tailoring supertetrahedral cadmium/tin selenide clusters into a robust framework for efficient elimination of Cs+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions

Abstract

Long-lived 137Cs/134Cs, 60Co, and 63Ni with high-energy β/γ emissions are primary toxic fission/activation products in nuclear-contaminated water, causing irreversible damage to the ecological environment and human health. Rapid remediation of these radionuclides emerges as an urgent task, while the deficiencies in adsorption kinetics, selectivity and acid resistance hinder the material innovation for practical applications. Herein, we have developed a hybrid cadmium/tin selenide adsorbent K3.4(CH3NH3)0.45(NH4)0.15Cd2Sn3Se10·3.4H2O (CdSnSe-2K) for the enrichment and sequestration of Cs+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions. CdSnSe-2K features a unique open-framework constructed from the interlinkage of T2-{M4Se10} (M = SnIV/CdII) supertetrahedral clusters and M bridges, accelerating the ion transfer in the tunnel system and thus affording quick kinetics (k2 = 9.706, 0.182, 0.099 g mg−1 min−1 for Cs+, Co2+, Ni2+). Remarkably, the removal rate RCs increases to 98.54% in just 2 min and 99.57% in 5 min (equilibrium), which is responsible for an ultra-high distribution coefficient Kd of 2.31 × 105 mL g−1. The soft-Lewis basic Se component endows CdSnSe-2K with a fantastic adsorption selectivity for Cs+, Co2+, and Ni2+ against various coexisting cations and anions in complex actual water environments even including the highly salty sea water medium. CdSnSe-2K exhibits a fantastic acid/base tolerance over pH = 2–13, and the maximum adsorption capacities qCsm, qCom and qNim under neutral condition are 218.08 ± 80.08, 43.95 ± 16.57 and 42.53 ± 16.50 mg g−1, respectively. In addition, CdSnSe-2K single crystals were also employed as the stationary phase for the fabrication of an ion exchange column, which shows an elimination efficiency above 99% in the long-term filtration for Cs+ (8200 BVs), Co2+ (4000 BVs) and Ni2+ (4000 BVs). This work not only highlights CdSnSe-2K as a promising Cs+, Co2+, and Ni2+ scavenger in radionuclide remediation, but also provides a supertetrahedral cluster-based construction strategy for open-framework selenide materials with enhanced adsorption kinetics, selectivity, and acid resistance.

Graphical abstract: Tailoring supertetrahedral cadmium/tin selenide clusters into a robust framework for efficient elimination of Cs+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Research Article
Submitted
20 Mar 2024
Accepted
22 Apr 2024
First published
24 Apr 2024

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2024,11, 3229-3244

Tailoring supertetrahedral cadmium/tin selenide clusters into a robust framework for efficient elimination of Cs+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions

K. Wang, M. Li, L. Cheng, X. Hao and C. Wang, Inorg. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 3229 DOI: 10.1039/D4QI00714J

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