A new solid phase extractor based on cross-linked PMMA@CNTs/GNP for the removal of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes

Abstract

The fabrication of cross-linked 1,10-diaminodecane-poly methyl methacrylate/carbon nanotubes/graphene nanocomposites PMMA/CNTs/GNP(a–c) has been executed effectively using a multistep chemical cross-linking reaction. The environmental response of the fabricated material has been extensively investigated. The synthesized PMMA@CNTs/GNP nanocomposite effectively removed crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) from the simulated textile wastewater solution. The comprehensive delineation of the prepared nanocomposite was examined using SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR analysis. The outcomes revealed that adsorption capacity was influenced by six variables (e.g., contact duration, starting concentration, adsorbent mass, the effect of the solution pH, temperature, and the impact of KNO₃). Additionally, studies on thermodynamics and isotherm have been published. The elimination process involves chemical adsorption based on the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. This model predicted that the maximal adsorption capacities of the MB and CV dyes would be 20.83 and 22.42 mg g⁻¹, respectively, best fitting the experimental results. This work is a pilot case study highlighting the outstanding potential of PMMA/CNTs/GNP nanocomposites as materials for CV and MB dye elimination.