Application of a three dimensional polyethyleneimine functionalized graphene oxide aerogel as an adsorbent for the determination of phytohormones in ginseng

Abstract

Aerogels have attracted considerable attention in sample pretreatment for their outstanding properties, such as the unique porous structure, large surface area and abundant modifiable active sites. The present research reports a three-dimensional interconnected porous network aerogel (PEI-AGO) manufactured based on graphene oxide (GO), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and agar as basic materials through a vacuum freeze-drying treatment. The PEI-AGO aerogel exhibits great potential as a solid phase extraction adsorbent for the selective purification of six endogenous plant hormones in conjunction with high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Several factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimized extraction conditions, a wide linear range of 0.5–100 ng mL⁻¹ with a good linearity (r > 0.9934) was observed. Low limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were obtained in the range of 0.032–0.155 ng mL⁻¹ and 0.107–0.518 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the relative recoveries for spiked ginseng samples exhibited remarkable consistency, ranging from 90.2% to 117.6%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of ≤9.4% (n = 3). In summary, PEI-AGO has proven to be an effective adsorbent for the pretreatment and enrichment of phytohormones which can be used for the determination of trace endogenous acidic plant hormones in ginseng leaves.