Brewers’ spent grain (BSG)-based green dielectric materials for low-voltage operating solution-processed organic field-effect transistors

Abstract

In this work, low-voltage solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) utilizing biocompatible brewers’ spent grain (BSG), a major by-product of the brewing industry, as the gate dielectric are reported. Specifically, arabinoxylan (AX) and mixed linkage (1-3,1-4)-beta-D-glucan (BG), two most abundant polysaccharides in BSG, were employed and exhibited decent dielectric properties. To ensure good insulating properties, sol–gel-derived alumina was used with BSG (AX or BG) to fabricate hybrid organic/inorganic dielectrics, resulting in a high areal capacitance of ∼90 nF cm⁻². Green solvents instead of conventional toxic solvents were used in forming dielectric and semiconducting films for the fabrication of OFETs and the resulting devices based on 2-decyl-7-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-C₁₀) with BSG/alumina hybrid bilayer dielectrics exhibited the maximum hole mobility of 2.30 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ at an operating voltage of <5 V.