Fast magnetic solid-phase extraction using an Fe3O4-NH2@MOF material for monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine of coke-oven workers

Abstract

In this work, a magnetic material (Fe₃O₄-NH₂@MIL-101) was successfully prepared, and the material was used as a sorbent for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of trace level monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) from urine samples for the first time. The target analytes were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The MSPE key factors, which include the amount of adsorbent, extraction time, pH, the effect of salt, eluting solutions and eluant volume, were systematically optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the developed method showed good linearity (0.03–200 ng mL⁻¹), low limits of detection (0.016–0.042 ng mL⁻¹, signal-to-noise ratio = 3) and satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation ≤ 10.1%, n = 5). The method showed stable average recoveries ranging from 78.3% to 112.9% and the enrichment factors were 9 to 15. Besides the satisfactory method parameters, the total MPSE process could be completed in no more than 5 minutes. These results indicated that Fe₃O₄-NH₂@MOF based MSPE was a simple, efficient and fast method which was suitable for MSPE of OH-PAHs from urine samples.