Issue 8, 2019

Linear-like lead-free relaxor antiferroelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–NaNbO3 with giant energy-storage density/efficiency and super stability against temperature and frequency

Abstract

A novel lead-free polar dielectric ceramic with linear-like polarization responses was found in (1 − x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3xNaNbO3 ((1 − x)BNT–xNN) solid solutions, exhibiting giant energy storage density/efficiency and super stability against temperature and frequency. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering and Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffraction data suggest that these property characteristics can be derived from temperature and electric field insensitive large permittivity as a result of relaxor antiferroelectricity (AFE) with polar nanoregions. Additionally, this feature intrinsically requires a high driving field for AFE to ferroelectric (FE) phase transitions due to large random fields. Measurements of temperature-dependent permittivity and polarization versus electric field hysteresis loops indicate that the high-temperature AFE P4bm phase in BNT was gradually stabilized close to room temperature, accompanying a phase transition from relaxor rhombohedral FEs to relaxor tetragonal AFEs approximately at x = 0.15–0.2. A record high of recoverable energy-storage density W ∼ 7.02 J cm−3 as well as a high efficiency η ∼ 85% was simultaneously achieved in the x = 0.22 bulk ceramic, which challenges the existing fact that W and η must be seriously compromised. Furthermore, desirable W (>3.5 J cm−3) and η (>88%) with a variation of less than 10% can be accordingly obtained in the temperature range of 25–250 °C and frequency range of 0.1–100 Hz. These excellent energy-storage properties would make BNT-based lead-free AFE ceramic systems a potential candidate for application in pulsed power systems.

Graphical abstract: Linear-like lead-free relaxor antiferroelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–NaNbO3 with giant energy-storage density/efficiency and super stability against temperature and frequency

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
19 Dec 2018
Accepted
18 Jan 2019
First published
21 Jan 2019

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019,7, 3971-3978

Linear-like lead-free relaxor antiferroelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–NaNbO3 with giant energy-storage density/efficiency and super stability against temperature and frequency

H. Qi and R. Zuo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 3971 DOI: 10.1039/C8TA12232F

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