Sub-ppm level high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy of selenium in articular cartilage†
C.
Bissardon, 
‡ab
O.
Proux,
‡c
L. H. E.
Winkel,
de
R. S.
Conlan,
b
L. W.
Francis,
b
I. M.
Khan,
b
L.
Charlet,
a
J. L.
Hazemann
f
and
S.
Bohic
*ghi
‡ab
O.
Proux,
‡c
L. H. E.
Winkel,
de
R. S.
Conlan,
b
L. W.
Francis,
b
I. M.
Khan,
b
L.
Charlet,
a
J. L.
Hazemann
f
and
S.
Bohic
*ghi
Abstract
The speciation of highly-diluted elements by X-ray absorption spectroscopy in a diverse range of materials is extremely challenging, especially in biological matrices such as articular cartilage. Here we show that using a high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) technique coupled to an array of crystal analyzers, selenium speciation down to 400 ppb (μg kg−1) within articular cartilage can be demonstrated. This is a major advance in the speciation of highly-diluted elements through X-ray absorption spectroscopy and opens new possibilities to study the metabolic role of selenium and other elements in biological samples.
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