Pyridine-grafted graphene oxide: a reusable acid–base bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of β-phosphonomalonates via a cascade Knoevenagel–phospha Michael addition reaction in water

Abstract

A new acid–base bifunctional catalyst was synthesized by postgrafting of pyridine onto GO. This new catalyst was characterized by different methods such as FT-IR, XRD, TGA, TEM, SEM, EDS, UV-Vis and elemental analysis and employed as a reusable acid–base bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of β-phosphonomalonates via a cascade Knoevenagel–phospha Michael addition reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile and dialkyl phosphites in water.