Nano-engineered hybrid hydroxyapatite-grafted biocomposites for Euspria pulchella mimicking through chaotic flow regimes

Abstract

The present study speculates a successful attempt towards mimicking the shell of Euspria pulchella, a marine gastropod mollusc, by PVA-surface treated HA composites using chaotic reconstruction. An in-house equipment of a modified venturimeter was constructed and the convergent–divergent channels were generated by introducing rheological flow arrestors and ultrasonicating micro-tips to promote chaotic advection.