Synthesis of Ni–Au–ZnO ternary magnetic hybrid nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity

Abstract

The functional synergy between the metal and the semiconductor in metal–semiconductor hybrid nanocrystals with specific structures and morphologies makes them suitable candidates for a wide range of applications. To date, the synthesis and the corresponding properties of ternary metal–semiconductor hetero-nanostructures, especially for hybrid nanocrystals containing magnetic metals, are seldom discussed and thus worthy of extensive research. In this study, we report a nonaqueous approach for the synthesis of Ni–Au–ZnO ternary hybrid nanocrystals with three morphologies, including nanomultipods, matchstick-like nanorods and nanopyramids. In the synthetic strategy, the Ni precursor dissolved in oleylamine was injected into a hot solution containing preformed Au–ZnO nanocrystals with specific morphologies. Then Ni prefers to grow on the unoccupied surfaces of Au, thus forming a hybrid hetero-nanostructure which retains the main morphologies of Au–ZnO nanocrystals. The ultraviolet-visible spectra not only show the band gap absorption of ZnO but also exhibit a broadened and weakened surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Au. The Ni–Au–ZnO nanocrystals exhibit much higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure ZnO in the degradation of Rhodamine B. Meanwhile, these hybrid nanocrystals are superparamagnetic at room temperature and can be readily recycled by a magnetic field for reuse. The as-prepared ternary Ni–Au–ZnO hybrid nanocrystals possess plasmonic, magnetic and enhanced photocatalytic properties, and thus are expected to find wide applications in the future.