Low temperature solution processed ZnO/CuO heterojunction photocatalyst for visible light induced photo-degradation of organic pollutants

Abstract

The possibility of integrating manifold functionalities, coupled with various associated noble interface phenomena in the hierarchical nanoforms, either comprised of geometrical intricacies or achieved via the rational coupling of several components, has made them immensely pertinent from both research and technological aspects. Here, an oxide based nanostructure hybrid has been realized by integrating low bandgap copper oxide nanosheet with high bandgap one dimensional zinc oxide nanowires on a flexible carbon cloth as well as on a flat substrate. These bandgap modulated hybrid nanostructures are generated for the efficient absorption of visible light, targeting their possible use in waste water management. Our work presents a novel ambient condition protocol for morphological tuning in the nanoscale or their organization in a hierarchical structure. Environmental remediation through catalytic activity under the visible light irradiation of the synthesized samples was inspected using both anionic and cationic dyes (methyl orange and Rhodamine B, respectively) as the model contaminants, where the optimized heterostructure exhibits significantly better performance than the mono component oxides. Such enhanced performance could be explained by the formation of favorable staggered gap multiple p–n junctions at ZnO/CuO interface, which in turn retards the photogenerated electron–hole pair recombination within the heterostructure. The signature of successful p–n junction formation at ZnO nanorod/CuO nanosheet interface has been identified via current–voltage measurements with a conducting tip AFM in contact mode. The creative designing of novel heterojunctions adopting this protocol will pave the way for the utilization of the entire visible light range: thus, offering potential in solar energy conversion devices.