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A pyreneterpyridine–Zn conjugate has been synthesized and characterized, where Zn2+ acts as an electron acceptor to enhance molecular ICT with a large emission red-shift (>100 nm). It showed a ratiometric fluorescence change upon addition of phosphate anions in buffered aqueous solution. The selective response to phosphates or pyrophosphates involved ICT and ligand competition processes.

Graphical abstract: A ratiometric fluorescent sensor for phosphates: Zn2+-enhanced ICT and ligand competition

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