Determination of absolute configuration of helicenes and related biaryls from calculation of helical twisting powers by the surface chirality model

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Alberta Ferrarini, Giovanni Gottarelli, Pier Luigi Nordio and Gian Piero Spada


Abstract

The sign and the magnitude of the helical twisting power β for a series of helicenes have been calculated by the Surface Chirality model. The principal contribution to β derives from the helicity in the direction perpendicular to what can be defined as the main molecular plane; the cholesteric axis is also predicted to be along this direction, in agreement with a view of the cholesteric induction by helical molecules based on empirical observations. In the case of non-rigid biphenanthryl derivatives, the value of β is predicted to vary with the dihedral angle between the phenanthryl moieties, changing sign at about 90° where the conformation passes from s-cis to s-trans, i.e. when the stereochemical descriptor of the biaryl moiety exchanges the M and P indices. Comparison between experimental and calculated values indicates an s-trans conformation for the flexible dopants, in agreement with a previous conclusion drawn from empirical correlations. The Surface Chirality model appears to be a promising technique to assess the absolute configuration of rigid molecules by the comparison of experimental and calculated β values. For flexible molecules, the quality of the information depends critically on the degree of knowledge of their conformational freedom.


References

  1. H. J. Krabbe, H. Heggemeier, B. Schrader and E. H. Korte, J. Chem. Res. (M), 1978, 3020 Search PubMed.
  2. G. Gottarelli, B. Samorl, C. Stremmenos and G. Torre, Tetrahedron, 1981, 37, 395 CrossRef CAS.
  3. G. Solladié and R. G. Zimmermann, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1984, 23, 348 CrossRef.
  4. G. Gottarelli and G. P. Spada, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1985, 123, 377 CrossRef CAS.
  5. G. Gottarelli, G. P. Spada and G. Solladié, Nouv. J. Chim., 1986, 10, 691 Search PubMed.
  6. G. P. Spada and G. Proni, Enantiomer, 1998, 3, 301 Search PubMed.
  7. H.-G. Kuball, Th. Müller, H. Brüning and A. Schönhofer, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1995, 261, 205 Search PubMed.
  8. H.-G. Kuball, B. Weiβ, A. K. Beck and D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1997, 80, 2507 CAS.
  9. G. Heppke and F. Oestreicher, Z. Naturforsch., Teil A, 1977, 32, 899.
  10. G. Heppke and F. Oestreicher, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1978, 245 Search PubMed.
  11. J. P. Berthault, J. Billard and J. Jacques, C. R. Seances Acad. Sci. Ser. 3, 1977, 284, 155 Search PubMed.
  12. A. Ferrarini, G. J. Moro and P. L. Nordio, Liq. Cryst., 1995, 19, 397 CAS.
  13. A. Ferrarini, G. J. Moro and P. L. Nordio, Mol. Phys., 1996, 87, 485 CrossRef CAS.
  14. A. Ferrarini, G. J. Moro and P. L. Nordio, Phys. Rev. E, 1996, 53, 681 CrossRef CAS.
  15. L. Feltre, A. Ferrarini, F. Pacchiele and P. L. Nordio, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1996, 290, 109 Search PubMed.
  16. A. Ferrarini, P. L. Nordio, P. V. Shibaev and V. P. Shibaev, Liq. Cryst., 1998, 24, 219 CrossRef CAS.
  17. R. H. Martin, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1974, 13, 649 CrossRef.
  18. K. P. Meuer and F. Voegtle, Top. Curr. Chem., 1985, 127, 1 CAS.
  19. M. S. Newman and D. Lednicer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1956, 78, 4765 CrossRef CAS.
  20. M. B. Groen, G. Stulen, G. J. Visser and H. Wynberg, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 7218 CrossRef.
  21. D. A. Lightner, D. T. Helfenfinger, T. W. Powers, G. W. Frank and K. N. Trueblood, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 3492 CrossRef CAS.
  22. W. S. Brickel, A. Brown, C. K. Kemp and S. F. Mason, J. Chem. Soc. (A), 1971, 756 RSC.
  23. W. Hugand and G. Wagnière, Tetrahedron, 1972, 28, 1241 CrossRef CAS.
  24. A. J. Moscowitz, Tetrahedron, 1961, 13, 48 CrossRef CAS.
  25. J. Tribout, R. H. Martin, M. Doyle and H. Wynberg, Tetrahedron Lett., 1972, 2839 CrossRef CAS.
  26. M. Nakazaki, K. Yamamoto and M. Maeda, J. Org. Chem., 1981, 46, 1985 CrossRef CAS.
  27. C. M. Kemp and S. F. Mason, Tetrahedron, 1966, 22, 629 CrossRef CAS.
  28. A. Dore, D. Fabbri, S. Gladiali and G. Valle, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1995, 6, 779 CrossRef CAS.
  29. T. Hayashi, H. Iwamura, M. Naito, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Uozumi, M. Miki and K. Yanagi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 775 CrossRef CAS.
  30. K. Yamamura, S. Ono, H. Ogoshi, H. Masuda and Y. Kuroda, Synlett, 1989, 18 CrossRef CAS.
  31. H. Nakagawa, S. Ogashiwa, H. Tanaka, K. Yamada and H. Kawazura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1981, 54, 1903 CAS.
  32. F. Mikes, G. Boshart and E. Gil-Av, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1976, 99 RSC.
  33. G. Gottarelli, G. Proni, G. P. Spada, D. Fabbri, S. Gladiali and C. Rosini, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 2013 CrossRef CAS.
  34. M. B. Groen and H. Wynberg, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 2968 CrossRef CAS.
  35. S. F. Mason, Molecular Optical Activity the Chiral Discrimination, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982, p. 175 Search PubMed.
  36. L. D. Barron, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, 1975, 71, 293 RSC.
  37. R. K. Kondru, P. Wipf and D. N. Beratan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 2204 CrossRef CAS.
  38. P. G. de Gennes, The Physics of Liquid Crystals, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1974 Search PubMed.
  39. C. J. Adam, A. Ferrarini, M. R. Wilson, G. J. Ackland and J. Crain, Mol. Phys., submitted Search PubMed.
  40. A. Ferrarini, F. Janssen, G. J. Moro and P. L. Nordio, Liq. Cryst., in the press Search PubMed.
  41. Expressions for the elements of the surface and helicity tensors, as well as the details of the model and its implementation can be found in refs. 13 and 15.
  42. R. McWeeny, Symmetry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1963 Search PubMed.
  43. A. Ferrarini and P. L. Nordio, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1998, 455 RSC.
  44. G. R. Luckhurst, in The Molecular Physics of Liquid Crystals, G. R. Luckhurst and G. W. Gray, Eds., Academic Press, London, 1979 Search PubMed.
  45. A. Ferrarini, G. J. Moro, P. L. Nordio and G. R. Luckhurst, Mol. Phys., 1992, 77, 15.
  46. G. Celebre, G. De Luca and A. Ferrarini, Mol. Phys., 1997, 92, 1039 CrossRef CAS.
  47. B. Badur, R. K. Sarna and V. G. Bhide, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1982, 72, 139 Search PubMed; H. Hakemi, E. F. Jagodzinski and D. B. Dupré, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1983, 91, 129 CAS.
  48. GAUSSIAN94 M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, P. M. W. Gill, B. G. Johnson, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, T. A. Keith, G. A. Petersson, J. A. Montgomery, K. Raghavachari, M. A. Al-Laham, V. G. Zakrewski, J. V. Ortiz, J. B. Foresman, J. Cioslowski, B. B. Stefanov, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, C. Y. Peng, P. Y. Ayala, W. Chen, M. W. Wong, J. L. Andres, E. S. Replogle, R. Gomperts, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, J. S. Blinkey, D. J. Defrees, J. Baker, J. P. Sewart, M. Head-Gordon, C. Gonzalez and J. A. Pople, Gaussian Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, 1995.
  49. C. de Rango, G. Tsoucaris, J.-P. Declercq, G. Germain and J. P. Putzeys, Cryst. Struct. Commun., 1973, 2, 189 Search PubMed.
  50. A review of the crystal structures of helicenes reported in the literature is given in: J. C. Dewan, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1981, 37, 1421 Search PubMed.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.